• Clinical examination of the individual animal
• Making a diagnosis
• Making a decision on therapeutics
• Assessing the prognosis
• Examination of the herd

• Hypothermia, Hyperthermia, Fever
• Septicemia, Viremia
• Toxemia and Endotoximea
• Hypovolemic shock
• Allergy and Anaphylaxis
• Edema and acid-base imbalance
• Pain and stress
• Localized infections
• Inappetence
• Weight loss
• Care of recumbent animals
• Sudden and unexpected death

• Perinatal and Postnatal diseases
• Physical and environmental causes of diseases
• Diseases of cloned offspring
• Neonatal infection
• Care of clinically ill newborns

• Principles of antimicrobial therapy
• Practical usage of antimicrobial drugs
• Antimicrobial resistance

• General principles of digestive tract dysfunction
• Manifestation of digestive tract dysfunction
• Principles of treatment
• Diseases of the buccal cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines
• Diseases of the digestive system in ruminants

• General principles of liver dysfunction
• Manifestation of hepatic and biliary dysfunction
• Principles of treatment of hepatic dysfunction
• Diseases of the pancreas

• General principles of circulatory failure
• Manifestation of circulatory failure
• Diseases of the heart
• Diseases of the blood vessels

• General principles of circulatory failure
• Manifestation of circulatory failure
• Diseases of the heart
• Diseases of the blood vessels

• Abnormal concentration of plasma protein
• Hemorrhagic diseases
• Diseases of red blood cell numbers and function
• Disorders of white blood cells
• Diseases of spleen and thymus
• Immune deficiencies
• Amyloidoses
• Porphyrias

• Principles of respiratory insufficiency
• Manifestation of respiratory insufficiency
• Examination of the respiratory system
• Treatment and control of respiratory tract diseases
• Diseases of the lungs
• Diseases of the pleura and diaphragm
• Diseases of upper respiratory tract

• Principles of renal insufficiency
• Manifestation of urinary tract disease
• Examination of the urinary system
• Treatment of urinary tract diseases
• Diseases of the kidney
• Diseases of the bladder, ureters and urethra
• Congenital defects of the urinary tract

• Principles of nervous dysfunction
• Manifestation of nervous system disease
• Special examination of the nervous system
• Treatment of diseases of the nervous system
• The pathophysiology of nervous system disease
• Diseases of the brain
• Diseases of the meninges
• Encephalopathies
• Psychoses and Neuroses
• Epilepsy
• Diseases of the spinal cord
• Diseases of the peripheral nervous system
• Congenital defects of the nervous system

• Manifestation of musculoskeletal disease
• Diseases of muscles
• Diseases of bones
• Diseases of Joints
• Congenital defects of the musculoskeletal system

• Principles of treatment of skin disease
• Diseases of hair, skin glands, horns and hooves
• Cutaneous neoplasms
• Congenital defects of the skin
• Diseases of the Conjuctiva
• Congenital defects of the eyelids and cornea
• Diseases of the external ear

• Mastitis
• Defects of teats and udder
• Mastits-Metritis-Agalactia in sows

• Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
• Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei)
• Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
• Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
• Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)
• Brucellosis (Brucella spp.)
• Salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.)
• Colibacillosis (Escherichia coli)
• Leptospirosis (Leptospira spp.)
• Strangles (horses, Streptococcus equi )
• Johne’s disease (Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis)
• Actinomycosis ("lumpy jaw" in cattle, Actinomyces bovis )

• Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD, Picornavirus)
• Rabies (Rhabdovirus)
• Newcastle Disease (poultry, Paramyxovirus )
• Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus )
• African Swine Fever (Asfarvirus )
• Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR, Morbillivirus )
• Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR, Bovine Herpesvirus-1 )
• Equine Influenza (Orthomyxovirus )
• Feline Panleukopenia (Parvovirus)
• Avian Influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
• Swine Influenza (Orthomyxovirus)

• Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (Chlamydia abortus)
• Psittacosis/Ornithosis (birds, Chlamydia psittaci )
• Feline Pneumonitis (Chlamydia felis)

• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – “mad cow disease” in cattle
• Scrapie – sheep and goats
• Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) – deer, elk
• Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy – farmed mink
• Kuru / Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) – humans (zoonotic relevance)

• Ringworm (Dermatophytes: Microsporum, Trichophyton)
• Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus)
• Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)
• Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)
• Candidiasis (Candida albicans)
• Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans)

• Coccidiosis (Eimeria spp. , poultry, cattle, small ruminants, rabbits)
• Babesiosis ("redwater," Babesia spp. )
• Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma spp.)
• Theileriosis (Theileria parva, T. annulata)
• Trichomoniasis (Tritrichomonas foetus)
• Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
• Leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.)

• Fasciolosis (liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica )
• Haemonchosis (barber’s pole worm, Haemonchus contortus )
• Ostertagiasis (Ostertagia ostertagi)
• Ascariasis (Ascaris suum , pigs)
• Strongylosis (horses, Strongylus spp.)
• Trichuriasis (whipworm, Trichuris spp. )
• Hydatidosis (Echinococcus granulosus)
• Cysticercosis (Cysticercus bovis, C. cellulosae)

• Mange (mites: Sarcoptes, Demodex, Psoroptes )
• Tick infestation (Rhipicephalus, Ixodes, Boophilus)
• Flea allergy dermatitis (Ctenocephalides felis)
• Lice infestations (Haematopinus, Linognathus, Damalinia)
• Warble fly infestation (Hypoderma bovis)
• Screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)

• Ketosis (dairy cows, negative energy balance)
• Milk Fever (hypocalcemia, parturient paresis)
• Pregnancy Toxemia (ewes, does)
• Hypomagnesemic Tetany (grass tetany)
• Acidosis (ruminal acidosis)
• Urolithiasis (urinary stones in ruminants)
• Laminitis (linked to carbohydrate overload in horses/cattle)

• Rickets (calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D deficiency)
• Osteomalacia (adults, similar to rickets)
• White Muscle Disease (selenium/vitamin E deficiency)
• Grass Tetany (magnesium deficiency)
• Anemia (iron deficiency, especially piglets)
• Pica (phosphorus deficiency)
• Goiter (iodine deficiency)
• Night blindness (vitamin A deficiency)

Trauma & Mechanical Injuries

Including Fractures, Wounds, Dislocations, Hematomas and Contusions.

Heat-Related Disorders

Including heat stroke, heat exhaustion, burns and photosensitization.

Cold-Related Disorders

Including frostbite, hupothermia, chilblains

Radiation-Related Conditions

Sunburn (Solar dermatitis), Skin cancer, radiation burns

Pressure & Confinement Injuries

Including Decubital Ulcers (Pressure Sores), Sole Ulcers / Laminitis, Myopathy (“Downer Cow Syndrome”).

Electrical & Lightning Injuries

Electrocution and Lightning Strike Injuries

Drowning & Suffocation

Drowning, Smothering and Aspiration Pneumonia

Other Physical Agents

• Foreign Body Injuries – traumatic reticuloperitonitis (“hardware disease” in cattle)
• Choking – feed obstruction in cattle, dogs, horses
• Noise-Induced Stress/Deafness – dogs (fireworks, gunfire)
• Physical Restraint Injuries – rope burns, neck abrasions, horn damage

Heavy Metal Poisoning (Inorganic Compounds)

• Lead Poisoning
• Arsenic Poisoning
• Mercury Poisoning
• Copper Toxicity
• Selenium Toxicity (“Alkali Disease” or “Blind Staggers”)
• Fluorosis

Fertilizers and Soil Chemicals

• Nitrate/Nitrite Poisoning
• Ammonia/Anhydrous Ammonia Toxicity

Pesticides and Herbicides

• Organophosphate Poisoning
• Carbamate Toxicity
• Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Poisoning (e.g., DDT, Lindane)
• Paraquat/Herbicide Poisoning

Rodenticides

• Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Warfarin, Brodifacoum)
• Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D analog rodenticides)
• Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

Disinfectants & Farm Chemicals

• Phenol Poisoning
• Cresol/Creosote Toxicity
• Formalin/Chlorinated Disinfectants

Other Notable Chemical Toxicities

• Salt (Sodium Chloride) Poisoning / Water Deprivation
• Urea Poisoning (Non-Protein Nitrogen Toxicity)

• Botulism (neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum)
• Mycotoxicosis (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, ergot alkaloids)
• Enterotoxemia (Clostridium perfringens toxins)
• Snake envenomation
• Plant poisonings (e.g., Lantana camara, Crotalaria, oleander, cyanogenic plants)
• Lead, arsenic, and other heavy metal poisoning

• Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO/Heaves) – dust, moldy hay allergens
• Atopic Dermatitis – dogs and cats (skin allergy due to pollen, dust mites, food allergens)
• Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) – hypersensitivity to flea saliva (dogs, cats)
• Sweet Itch (Insect Bite Hypersensitivity) – horses (reaction to Culicoides bites)
• Milk Allergy in Calves – hypersensitivity to milk proteins

• Albinism – absence of pigmentation (all domestic species)
• Chondrodysplasia (dwarfism forms) – dogs, cattle, sheep
• Hydrocephalus – multiple species
• Cryptorchidism (retained testes) – horses, dogs, cats, pigs
• Polydactyly (extra digits) – cats, chickens, cattle

Cattle

• Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) – Holstein cattle
• Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) – Holstein cattle
• Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy ("Weaver syndrome") – Brown Swiss cattle
• Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS) – Holsteins
• Factor XI Deficiency – Holsteins, Japanese Black cattle
• Arachnomelia (spider calf syndrome) – Brown Swiss, Holstein

Horses

• Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) – Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses
• Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) – Quarter Horses, Warmbloods, draft breeds
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) – Arabian horses
• Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia (HERDA) – Quarter Horses
• Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA) – Arabians
• Lethal White Foal Syndrome (Overo lethal white, OLWS) – American Paint Horses

Dogs

• Hip Dysplasia – large breeds (German Shepherds, Labradors, Rottweilers)
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – many breeds (Collies, Irish Setters)
• Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) – Collies, Shetland Sheepdogs
• Degenerative Myelopathy – German Shepherds, Corgis
• Von Willebrand’s Disease – Dobermans, Shetland Sheepdogs
• Muscular Dystrophy – Golden Retrievers
• Cystinuria – Newfoundlands, Bulldogs

Cats

• Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) – Persian cats and related breeds
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) – Maine Coon, Ragdoll
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) – Abyssinians, Siamese
• Hemophilia B – British Shorthair
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) – Maine Coon cats

Sheep & Goats

• Spider Lamb Syndrome (Hereditary Chondrodysplasia) – Suffolk and Hampshire sheep
• Hereditary Splayleg – sheep and goats
• Goat Myotonia Congenita ("Fainting goats") – Tennessee fainting goats
• Entropion (inward eyelids) – hereditary in some sheep breeds

Pigs

• Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS) – associated with malignant hyperthermia in Landrace, Pietrain
• Rectal/Anal Atresia – hereditary defect
• Congenital Tremors (type AII) – some pig lines
• Scrotal/Ventral Hernias – hereditary predisposition

Poultry

• Tibial Dyschondroplasia – broiler chickens, turkeys
• Crooked Toes – hereditary trait in some chicken lines
• Hypopigmentation ("Albinism") – rare genetic defect in poultry

• Colic in Horses – dietary, management, stress, parasites
• Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC) – stress, diet, genetics, environment
• Lameness in Dairy Cattle – housing, nutrition, infection, conformation
• Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) – viruses, bacteria, stress, environment
• Mastitis (certain chronic or recurrent forms) – pathogens, milking hygiene, cow immunity, environment
• Sudden Infant Piglet Death Syndrome (SIDS-like) – uncertain, multiple factors suspected
• Johne’s Disease (clinical progression) – Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection influenced by genetics, nutrition, environment